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Hackers Underworld 2: Forbidden Knowledge
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CH26.TXT
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1994-07-17
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USING ANNUITIES FOR TAX DEFERRAL
An annuity is a tax advantaged way to put aside
money for retirement, or other, objectives. Annuities
may be among the best ways to create retirement income.
They allow savings to grow tax-deferred, building
assets faster than other investments.
The way this works is that money is invested with
an insurance company. Annuities may be a good
investment for many long-term goals, but several
features make them especially well suited for
retirement savings:
* No Annual Investment Ceiling. There is no limit
to the amount that can be put into an annuity each
year. Other tax-advantaged plans such as IRAs should
not be overlooked for retirement savings, but the
amount that can be contributed each year is limited.
* The Power of Tax-Deferral. Money will grow
faster than in a taxable vehicle with a similar rate of
return for several reasons. Not only does the interest
accumulate tax-free until withdrawal, but funds that
otherwise would have been used to pay taxes remain in
the account for additional earnings. And if the
payments are not taken until retirement, the recipient
is probably in a lower tax bracket at that time.
* Security for One's Family. If the purchaser
dies before distributions begin, their family (or other
beneficiaries) can receive the full value of the
annuity. By naming a beneficiary, the annuity may even
bypass probate and eliminate the associated costs and
publicity.
* Simplicity. There are no annual IRS forms to
file, and there is no entry on Form 1040 until the
payments actually begin.
An annuity can offer the investment returns of a
mutual fund, but deferring the tax until after
retirement. Though unglamorous, an annuity is one of
the investment industry's fastest-growing products.
The annuity also contains some of the tax-deferred
benefits of an individual retirement account or
employer-sponsored 401(k) plan. Although it has been
available for more than 20 years, sales have boomed in
the last few years.
With an annuity, savings grow, tax deferred, until
withdrawn, with no restrictions on how much can be
invested -- unlike an IRA or other retirement plan.
And because an annuity is also an insurance
product, it promises a guaranteed regular income after
retirement, regardless of how long the investor lives.
Sales of domestic annuities in the U. S. are now
running around $50 billion per year. But the real
reason for the growth is that as the American
population ages, it is waking up to the fact that
retirement self-sufficiency is an important issue. The
annuity has some ideal characteristics for them.
An annuity, often described as the opposite of
life insurance, is a financial contract with an
insurance company. These can be structured so they make
regular monthly payments for life, no matter how long
the recipient lives.
While technically the investor doesn't own the
investments the annuity makes, he benefits from their
investment. And because he doesn't own the
investments -- the insurance company does -- savings
can grow, and the gains are tax-deferred.
Just as with an IRA, no taxes are due on
investment gains while the funds remain in the annuity
account. This helps savings grow faster, and it allows
individuals to better control when they will pay taxes.
Taxes are due when money is withdrawn. Just as
with an IRA or 401(k) account, withdrawal of funds
before age 59 1/2 incurs a 10 percent penalty.
While these investments do enjoy tax-deferred
status as do other retirement accounts, individuals
still get greater tax savings under traditional IRA or
401(k) plans, at least to the degree that contributions
to those accounts are also tax deductible. But once
beyond the level of what can be deducted, annuities are
for investors who want to build substantial tax-free
growth, not just be limited to a government-mandated
maximum amount of savings.
In an IRA or other retirement account, initial
investments under certain limits are deposited before
taxes. That allows wage earners to shield current
income from tax, as well as allow investments to
accumulate on a tax-deferred basis.
With an annuity, the initial investment is made
with post-tax dollars, although after that, investment
gains are tax-free until withdrawn.
This is a supplemental retirement tool, after all
the other things. In an annuity one can set aside as
much money each year as retirement or other future
plans require. Other tax-advantaged plans such as IRAs
should not be overlooked for retirement savings, but
the amount that can be contributed each year is
limited.
Owning an annuity also can prevent some tax
liability that often hits mutual fund holders. When a
mutual fund is purchased, at the end of the year they
pay a capital gains distribution, and even if they
reinvest it, it is a taxable event. With a variable
annuity, any profit made, as long as it stays there,
grows tax-deferred.
Other considerations in selecting an annuity
include important safety questions, such as the
financial health of the insurance company guaranteeing
the investment.
Because annuities are insurance products, the fees
paid by investors are different than for mutual funds.
Typically, there are no front-end load fees or
commissions to buy an annuity, but there are
"surrender" charges for investors who withdraw funds
early in an American annuity, usually during the first
five or six years. (This is not the case in the Swiss
annuities discussed later.).
The money in an annuity will grow much faster than
in a taxable vehicle with a similar rate of return, for
several reasons. Not only does interest accumulate
tax-free until withdrawal, but funds that would
otherwise have been used to pay taxes remain in the
account for additional earnings. And by the time of
retirement, the recipient is usually in a lower tax
bracket, and will thus pay less tax on the annuity
payments.
Although salesman like to point out that an
annuity's value is "guaranteed," that promise is only
as strong as the insurer making it. An annuity is
backed by the insurer's investment portfolio, which in
America may contain junk bonds and troubled real estate
investments. If an American insurer has financial
problems, the investor may become just another creditor
hoping to be paid back. For example, when the New
Jersey state insurance department took over bankrupt
Mutual Benefit Life, the state temporarily froze the
accounts of annuity holders, preventing them from
withdrawing money unless they could prove a significant
financia